Top 10 Largest Economies – 2025: Population, GDP, Debt & Stock Market

Benchmark for stock market valuation:

• ✅ Stock Market Cap ≤ 80% of GDP → Fair / Good

• ⚠️ Stock Market Cap > 80% of GDP → Overvalued

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🇺🇸 United States

👥 Population: ~340 million (~34 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $30.62 T (~₹ 2,562 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $68.4 T (~₹ 5,715 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 223% ⚠️ Overvalued
💰 Government Debt: ~125% of GDP (~$38.3 T / ₹ 3,200 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~210 million (~21 crore, ~62% of population)
💡 Description:
US stock market is the largest globally, heavily overvalued relative to GDP. A large number of institutional investors dominate. ⚠️

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🇨🇳 China

👥 Population: ~1.42 billion (~142 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $19.4 T (~₹ 1,622 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $11.87 T (~₹ 993 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 61% ✅ Fair / Good
💰 Government Debt: ~96% of GDP (~$18.7 T / ₹ 1,565 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~240 million (~24 crore, ~17% of population)
💡 Description:
China’s stock market is fairly valued relative to GDP, with growing retail investor participation. ✅

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🇯🇵 Japan

👥 Population: ~123 million (~12.3 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $4.28 T (~₹ 358 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $6.36 T (~₹ 532 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 149% ⚠️ Overvalued
💰 Government Debt: ~230% of GDP (~$9.8 T / ₹ 820 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~60 million (~6 crore, ~49% of population)
💡 Description:
Japan has a high stock market cap relative to GDP and very high government debt. ⚠️

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🇮🇳 India

👥 Population: ~1.45 billion (~145 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $4.13 T (~₹ 345 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $5.32 T (~₹ 444–450 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 128% ⚠️ Overvalued
💰 Government Debt: ~81% of GDP (~$3.36 T / ₹ 282 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~120 million (~12 crore, ~8.3% of population)
💡 Description:
India’s stock market is overvalued relative to GDP but supported by a growing retail investor base. ⚠️

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🇬🇧 United Kingdom

👥 Population: ~67 million (~6.7 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $3.96 T (~₹ 330 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $3.18 T (~₹ 265 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 80% ✅ Fair / Good
💰 Government Debt: ~103% of GDP (~$4.09 T / ₹ 342 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~22 million (~2.2 crore, ~33% of population)
💡 Description:
UK stock market is fairly valued with moderate retail participation. ✅

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🇫🇷 France

👥 Population: ~67 million (~6.7 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $3.36 T (~₹ 280 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $3.42 T (~₹ 285 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 102% ⚠️ Overvalued
💰 Government Debt: ~117% of GDP (~$3.92 T / ₹ 327 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~10 million (~1 crore, ~15% of population)
💡 Description:
France’s stock market shows slightly high valuation and moderate participation. ⚠️

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🇩🇪 Germany

👥 Population: ~84 million (~8.4 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $5.01 T (~₹ 420 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $2.04 T (~₹ 170 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 41% ✅ Fair / Good
💰 Government Debt: ~64% of GDP (~$3.23 T / ₹ 271 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~12 million (~1.2 crore, ~14% of population)
💡 Description:
Germany’s stock market is undervalued relative to GDP with healthy participation. ✅

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🇮🇹 Italy

👥 Population: ~60 million (~6 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $2.54 T (~₹ 213 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $0.75 T (~₹ 63 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 29% ✅ Fair / Good
💰 Government Debt: ~137% of GDP (~$3.48 T / ₹ 293 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~6 million (~0.6 crore, ~10% of population)
💡 Description:
Italy’s stock market remains small relative to GDP with limited participation. ✅

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🇨🇦 Canada

👥 Population: ~39 million (~3.9 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $2.28 T (~₹ 191 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $3.50 T (~₹ 294 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 154% ⚠️ Overvalued
💰 Government Debt: ~114% of GDP (~$2.60 T / ₹ 219 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~20 million (~2 crore, ~49% of population)
💡 Description:
Canada’s stock market is overvalued relative to GDP but supported by retail investors. ⚠️

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🇧🇷 Brazil

👥 Population: ~215 million (~21.5 crore)
📌 GDP (2025): $2.26 T (~₹ 189 lakh crore)
📊 Stock Market Cap: $0.70 T (~₹ 58 lakh crore)
📈 Stock Market Cap / GDP: 31% ✅ Fair / Good
💰 Government Debt: ~96% of GDP (~$2.06 T / ₹ 174 lakh crore)
📈 People Invested in Stock Market: ~15 million (~1.5 crore, ~7% of population)
💡 Description:
Brazil’s stock market is small relative to GDP with low participation. ✅

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⚠️ Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and not financial advice. Investment decisions should be made after consulting a licensed financial advisor. Market data, stock market cap, debt, and population investment percentages are approximate and may change over time.